Rujukan Islam dan keganasan

  1. ↑ What is New about Al-Qaradawi’s Jihad?, Ikhwanweb, the Muslim Brotherhood's Official English web site
  2. ↑ Sutton, Philip W.; Vertigans, Stephen (2005). Resurgent Islam: a sociological approach. Polity. m/s. 7. Stereotypical views which portray Islam as an inherently violent religion, a 'religion of the sword' and an increasing global threat have thus been reinforced and even extended over recent years. 
  3. ↑ Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). [Infobase Publishing, 2009 Encyclopedia of Islam] Check |url= value (bantuan). Infobase Publishing. m/s. 374. 
  4. ↑ Hinnells, John R.; King, Richard (2007). Religion and violence in South Asia: theory and practice. Taylor & Francis. m/s. 79. 
  5. ↑ Puniyani, Ram (2005). Religion, power & violence: expression of politics in contemporary times. SAGE. m/s. 97–98. 
  6. ↑ Corrigan, John; Hudson, Winthrop Still (2004). Religion in America: an historical account of the development of American religious life. Pearson/Prentice Hall. m/s. 444. 
  7. ↑ "A NATION CHALLENGED: THE RELIGIOUS RIGHT; Islam Is Violent in Nature, Pat Robertson Says". New York Times. February 23, 2002. The religious broadcaster Pat Robertson has described Islam as a"violent religion that wants to 'dominate and then, if need be, destroy'." 
  8. ↑ "Survey: Two-thirds of Protestant pastors consider Islam 'dangerous'". USA Today. 2009-12-21. Dicapai 2010-12-12. 
  9. ↑ Puniyani, Ram (2005). Religion, power & violence: expression of politics in contemporary times. SAGE. m/s. 98. 
  10. ↑ Juergensmeyer, Mark. Terror in the mind of God: the global rise of religious violence. University of California Press. m/s. 80.  Teks "year-2003 " diabaikan (bantuan)
  11. ↑ Hood, Ralph W.; Hill, Peter C.; Spilka, Bernard (2009). The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach. Guilford Press. m/s. 257. 
  12. ↑ Muzaffar, Chandra (2002). Taylor & Francis. m/s. 345 http://books.google.com/books?id=MQA02NT6tmAC&pg=PA345&dq=Quran+violence&hl=en&ei=-C8HTdGqOoOusAPNn4DZDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBDg8#v=onepage&q=Quran%20violence&f=false.  Teks "Rights, religion and reform: enhancing human dignity through spiritual and moral transformation " diabaikan (bantuan); Missing or empty |title= (bantuan)
  13. ↑ Sam Harris Who Are the Moderate Muslims?
  14. ↑ Sohail H. Hashmi, David Miller, Boundaries and Justice: diverse ethical perspectives, Princeton University Press, p.197
  15. ↑ Khaleel Muhammad, profesor kajian agama di San Diego State University, menyatakan, mengenai perbincangan dengan pengkritik Robert Spencer, bahawa "apabila saya diberitahu ... bahawa Jihad hanya bererti perang, atau bahawa aku harus menerima tafsiran dari Qur 'suatu yang bukan-Muslim (tanpa niat baik atau pengetahuan Islam) berusaha untuk berlaku pada saya, saya melihat agendum tertentu berkembang: satu yang didasarkan pada kebencian, dan aku menolak untuk menjadi sebahagian dari kejahatan intelektual."
  16. ↑ Ali, Maulana Muhammad; The Religion of Islam (6th Edition), Ch V "Jihad" Page 414 "When shall war cease". Published by The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
  17. ↑ Sadr-u-Din, Maulvi. "Qur'an and War", page 8. Published by The Muslim Book Society, Lahore, Pakistan.
  18. ↑ Article on Jihad by Dr. G. W. Leitner (founder of The Oriental Institute, UK) published in Asiatic Quarterly Review, 1886. ("Jihad, even when explained as a righteous effort of waging war in self defense against the grossest outrage on one's religion, is strictly limited..")
  19. ↑ The Qur'anic Commandments Regarding War/Jihad An English rendering of an Urdu article appearing in Basharat-e-Ahmadiyya Vol. I, p. 228-232, by Dr. Basharat Ahmad; published by the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam
  20. ↑ Ali, Maulana Muhammad; The Religion of Islam (6th Edition), Ch V "Jihad" Pages 411-413. Published by The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
  21. ↑ Morgan, Diane (2010). Essential Islam: a comprehensive guide to belief and practice. ABC-CLIO. m/s. 87. ISBN 0313360251. Dicapai 5 January 2011.  Lebih daripada satu |pages= dan |page= dinyatakan (bantuan)
  22. ↑ Wendy Doniger, penyunting (1999). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster. ISBN 087-7790442.  Missing or empty |title= (bantuan), Jihad, p.571
  23. ↑ Josef W. Meri, penyunting (2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 041-5966906.  Missing or empty |title= (bantuan), Jihad, p.419
  24. ↑ John Esposito(2005), Islam: The Straight Path, pp.93
  25. ↑ Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi's viewpoint on man beating disobedient wife and original Persian Q&A article.
  26. ↑ Mohammed, Khaleel (6 March 2007). "To My Fellow Muslims: We Are Our Own Enemies". Ottawa Citizen. 
  27. ↑ "Profile: Hashem Aghajari". BBC News. 2003-07-09. 
  28. ↑ "Iran Frees Professor Set to Die for Speech". The New York Times. 2004-08-01. 
  29. ↑ "From monkey to man: A call for Islamic Protestantism". The Iranian. 2002-12-04. 
  30. ↑ Scholars Are Quietly Offering New Theories of the Koran Alexander Stille, NYTimes.com, March 02, 2002
  31. ↑ Op-Ed Columnist - Islam, Virgins and Grapes Nicholas D. Kristof, NYTimes.com Apr 22, 2009
  32. ↑ Caldwell, Christopher (2009). Reflections on the revolution in Europe: immigration, Islam, and the West. Random House, Inc.,. m/s. 254. ISBN 0385518269. 
  33. ↑ Low profile for German expert challenging the Koranby Tom Heneghan, Religion Editor (Reuters, November 11, 2004)
  34. ↑ Sim, Stuart (2006). Empires of belief: why we need more scepticism and doubt in the twenty-first century. Edinburgh University Press. m/s. 144. ISBN 0748623264. 
  35. ↑ Davis, Thulani (13–19 November 2002). "Taslima Nasrin Speaks (Still)". The Village Voice. 
  36. ↑ "Muslim row filmmaker 'murdered'". CNN.com. 2004-11-02. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 26 January 2007. Dicapai 2007-07-20. 
  37. ↑ Rose, Flemming (2006-02-19). "Why I Published Those Cartoons". Washington Post. Dicapai 2008-09-10. 
  38. ↑ "Storm grows over Mohammad cartoons". CNN.com. 2006-02-03. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 15 May 2007. Dicapai 2007-07-20. 
  39. ↑ "Cartoon Body Count". Web. 2006-03-02. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 2006-03-26. Dicapai 2008-06-17. 
  40. ↑ Arnold, Martin (2006-09-29). "Teacher in hiding after attacking Islam". Financial Times. Dicapai 2006-10-17. 
  41. ↑ Teacher forced into hiding after attacking Islam Sunday Times, September 29, 2006
  42. ↑ Extra security for Ehsan Jami, Expatica.com, 7 August 2007.
  43. ↑ Beyond jihad: critical voices from inside Islam Kim Ezra Shienbaum, Jamal Hasan,p. 89, Academica Press,LLC, 2006. ISBN 1933146192, 9781933146195
  44. 1 2 Rawshandil, Jalīl; Sharon Chadha (2006). Jihad and international security. Macmillan. m/s. 10. ISBN 1403971927. 
  45. ↑ Mandaville, Michael (2009). Citizen-Soldier Handbook: 101 Ways Every American Can Fight Terrorism. Dog Ear Publishing. m/s. 46. ISBN 1598586718. 
  46. ↑ Endings: a sociology of death and dying, Michael C. Kearl (1989) p. 187
  47. 1 2 "Ahmadinejad's Demons, A Child of the Revolution Takes Over," Matthias Küntzel The New Republic, April 24, 2006
  48. ↑ "Children at war," Peter Warren Singer, University of California Press, 2006, ISBN 0520248767, p. 22AFT - A Union of Professionals - Child Soldiers(Ian Brown, Khomeini's Forgotten Sons: The Story of Iran's Boy Soldiers, London: Grey Seal, 1990, p. 2. Quoted in Karen Armstrong, The Battle for God, New York: Knopf, 2000, pp. 327–328)
  49. ↑ Glucklich, Ariel (2009). Dying for Heaven: Holy Pleasure and Suicide Bombers-Why the Best Qualities of Religion Are Also Its Most Dangerous. HarperCollins. m/s. p. 20. ISBN 0061430811. 
  50. ↑ How Schoolchildren Are Brainwashed In Iran, by Hossein Aryan Rferl, May 27, 2010
  51. 1 2 Mohajerinejad, Reza (2010). Live Generation: Iran's 1999 Student Uprising that Opened the Door for Secular Democracy. iUniverse. m/s. p. 10. ISBN 1450237967. 
  52. ↑ Feared Basij militia has deep history in Iranian conflict CNN, June 22, 2009
  53. ↑ Iran riots drive stealth militia into the light Neill MacFarquhar, The New York Times, June 19, 2009
  54. ↑ The Ideological-Political Training of Iran's Basij Saeid Golca] Crown Center forMiddle East Studies, September 2010
  55. ↑ IRAN: Judiciary official says woman to be stoned for husband's murder not just adultey.... LATimes, July 2010
  56. ↑ "Covertaction information bulletin": Issue 37, Covert Action Publications, Inc, 1984 (Original from the University of California) p. 56
  57. ↑ Islam, Terror and the Second Nuclear Age NYtimes, October 29, 2006
  58. ↑ Martin, Gus (2009). Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. SAGE. m/s. 560. ISBN 1412970598. 
  59. ↑ Dietl, Wilhelm (1984). Holy war. Macmillan. m/s. 10. ISBN 0025315307. 
  60. ↑ Rashid, Ahmed (2002). Taliban: Islam, oil and the new great game in central Asia. I.B.Tauris. m/s. 1. ISBN 1860648304. 
  61. ↑ In the Land of the Taliban NYTimes.com Oct 22, 2006
  62. ↑ Glles, Kepel (2006). Jihad: the trail of political Islam. I.B. Tauris. m/s. http://books.google.com/books?id=OLvTNk75hUoC&pg=PA205. ISBN 1845112571. 
  63. ↑ CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; More on the Gulf NYtimes, January 12, 1991, "Iraqi Leader Warns Of Plan for Holy War," January 12, 1991
    Pemimpin Iraq Amaran Dari Rencana Perang Suci Presiden Saddam Hussein mengatakan pada persidangan para pemimpin Islam yang ia sedang mempersiapkan untuk perang suci terhadap perikatan tentera yang dipimpin Amerika di Teluk Parsi yang dapat dihindarkan hanya jika keutamaan yang lebih besar diberikan untuk memecahkan masalah Palestin.
  64. ↑ Saddam Hussein calls for holy war | Mail Online
  65. ↑ NewsHour Extra: Statement from Saddam Hussein Calls for Jihad PBS, April 1, 2003
  66. 1 2 TIMEasia.com: Indonesia's Dirty Little Holy War
  67. ↑ MY JAKARTA DIARY --II
  68. ↑ Who are the Laskar Jihad? BBC News | ASIA-PACIFIC Jun 20, 2000
  69. ↑ Sheikh Fadlallah was the terrorist mastermind behind the Lebanon hostage crisis, Daily Telegraph, Con Coughlin, July 5th, 2010
  70. ↑ Hoffman, Bruce (2006). Inside terrorism. Columbia University Press. m/s. 314. ISBN 0231126999. 
  71. ↑ CNN was wrong about Ayatollah Fadlallah
  72. ↑ Frey, Rebecca Joyce (2009). Genocide and international justice Global issues. Infobase Publishing. m/s. 365. ISBN 0816073104. 
  73. ↑ Chaos by Design": Khartoum's Patterns of Violence in Darfur, 2008 Eric Reeves ('Concern over a resurgence of Arab supremacism')
  74. ↑ Genocide in Sudan: The Role of Oil Exploration and the Entitlement James E. Rogers College of Law
  75. ↑ Europa World Year Book 2, Taylor & Francis Group 2004, p. 3966
  76. ↑ Sudanese Leader Mounts Charm Offensive NYTimes.com Jul 24, 2008
  77. ↑ World Civilizations, Philip J. Adler, Randall Lee Pouwels, Cengage Learning (2005) ISBN 0534599338, p. 502
  78. ↑ Glut of fatwas spurs Saudi king to impose curbs - World news MSNBC, Oct. 10 2010
  79. ↑ Saudi Arabia - Terrorism Jcpa, Oct 1, 2003
  80. ↑ Imaam Ibn Baaz on Hijacking planes and kidnapping
  81. ↑ "the Russian counterterrorism law defines terrorism as "the ideology of violence and practice of exerting pressure on decision making by state bodies"" pp. 28, Terrorism in asymmetrical conflict: ideological and structural aspects, by Ekaterina Stepanova, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oxford University Press US, 2008 ISBN 0199533555, 9780199533558 186 pages).
  82. ↑ Scheuer, Michael (2004). Imperial Hubris. Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's, Inc. m/s. 9. ISBN 0-965-51394-7. The focused and lethal threat posed to U.S. national security arises not from Muslims being offended by what America is, but rather from their plausible perception that the things they most love and value—God, Islam, their brethren, and Muslim lands—are being attacked by America. 
  83. 1 2 3 Online NewsHour: Al Qaeda's 1998 Fatwa
  84. ↑ “Al-Qaeda Blames 9/11 on US Support for Israel – Defense/Middle East – Israel News – Israel National News.” Web. 16 April 2010.
  85. ↑ BBC News | MEDIA REPORTS | Al-Qaeda note suggests 'attack on London'
  86. ↑ London 9/11 plotter jailed - World - Times Online Sunday Times
  87. 1 2 Spanish Court to Deliver Verdict in Madrid Train Bombing Case Bloomberg
  88. 1 2 HAMAS Targets Spain By: Dr. Rachel Ehrenfeld. FP | Monday, January 02, 2006
  89. ↑ Mumbai terror attacks: And then they came for the Jews... Times Online Sunday Times
  90. ↑ Warrant for terror: fatwās of radical Islam and the duty of jihād, p. 68, Shmuel Bar, 2006
  91. ↑ The Osama bin Laden I know: an oral history of al-Qaeda's leader, p. 303, Peter L. Bergen, 2006
  92. ↑ Jihad and international security, p. 90, Jalīl Rawshandil, Sharon Chadha, 2006
  93. ↑ CNN.com - Transcripts
  94. ↑ Commanded to terrorize South Park. Vancouver Sun
  95. ↑ Counter terrorism site, May 2010
  96. ↑ Dar al-Harb
  97. ↑ See ref:"purpose" and ref:"justification"
  98. ↑ From the article "Khalifah" in Oxford Islamic Studies Online
  99. ↑ p. 110
  100. ↑ p. 262
  101. ↑ Al-Qaeda reveals grand plan as it tries to rein in Sheikh of Slaughter Sunday Times, October 13, 2005
  102. ↑ Al-Qaeda chiefs reveal world domination design theage.com.au, The Age 2005-08-24
  103. ↑ http://www.adnki.com/index_2Level.php?cat=Terrorism&loid=8.0.220033018&par=0
  104. ↑ Charfi, Mohamed; Patrick Camiller (2005). Islam and liberty: the historical misunderstanding G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Zed Books. m/s. 104. ISBN 1842775111, 9781842775110 Check |isbn= value: invalid character (bantuan). 
  105. ↑ "Over 10,000 Palestinians Attend West Bank Rally to Restore Islamic Caliphate". IHT. 2007-08-11. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 2008-02-20. 
  106. ↑ Terrorists claim CIA files seized
  107. ↑ Towards a global caliphate :: Damian Thompson , 24 Aug. 2007, "...The goal of a worldwide caliphate is emerging..."
  108. ↑ BarackObama.com | Remarks of Senator Obama: The War We Need to Win
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